Regarding Barium as a contrast agent

Gastrografin (Sodium and meglumine diatrizoate) added to barium during a small bowel study increases the transit time of barium through the small bowel

A narrow spectrum of sizes of barium sulphate particles is needed to demonstrate the areae gastricae

A lower density of Barium is used for double contrast studies than is used for single contrast studies of the stomach

A barium suspension of 12%w/v is used to opacify the gastrointestinal tract during CT scans

Barium has been used intravascularly as a therapeutic agent

Regarding MR contrast media

All Gadolinium chelates are ionic

Gadolinium acts as a negative contrast agent at high concentrations

Barium sulphate can be used as a GI contrast agent for MR scanning

Gadolinium DTPA is diamagnetic

Gadolinium DTPA is excreted by the kidneys

The following statements are true

The ligamentum teres is a fibrous remnant of the right umbilical vein

The caudate lobe is supplied solely by the branches of the right hepatic artery

The portal vein lies anterior to the foramen of Winslow

A replaced (aberrant origin from the superior mesenteric artery) right hepatic artery is found in 10% of the population

The caudate lobe has an independent venous drainage into the inferior vena cava

The following statements are true

Ossification centre for the manubrium is visible at birth

The ossification centre for the upper end of the tibia appears before the centre for the lower end of the femur

The pudendal nerve runs in the ischioanal fossa

A left posterior oblique view of the pelvis demonstrates the right sacroiliac joint

A left posterior oblique view of the pelvis demonstrates the left common iliac bifurcation on angiography

The following structures pass through the foramen magnum

Vertebral arteries

12th Cranial Nerves

Apical ligament of dens

Internal carotid arteries

Sympathetic chains

During orthopantomography of the mandible

non screen cassettes are used for better detail

the temporomandibular joints are not seen

only horizontal and not vertical magnification is seen

the lamina dura is not seen clearly

the radiograph is exposed in a posteroanterior projection

Signal to noise ratio in MRI is increased by the following

larger voxels

more acquisitions

longer TR

shorter TE

use of surface coils

The following statements are true

The trachea descends on expiration

The axillary artery is divided into three segments by the scalenus anticus

The vertebral artery passes through the foramen transversarium of C7

The ureter passes over the vas deferens

Antibiotic cover is not routinely recommended for percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography

The following statements are true

The parotid duct pierces the masseter muscle

The optic nerve has its own subarachnoid space

The superior semicircular canal is parallel to the long axis of the petrous bone

The bulging of the lateral semicircular canal causes the promontory canal

The crista falciformis is the site of attachment of the tympanic membrane

During fetal ultrasonography

the use of Doppler should be routine in every case

renal pelvis dilatation of 10 mm is normal

transvaginal scanning always gives more information in antepartum haemorrhage

abdominal circumference is measured where the umbilical veins are seen entering the abdomen

diaphragmatic movements in the 2nd trimester are abnormal